toggle navigation

Fig.1 Time-series plasma formation using single-pulsed microwave.

Fig.2 Time-series plasma formation using multiple-pulsed microwave.

Fig.3 Spectral analysis and temperature trends for varying microwave repetition rates. (a) Intensity of different wavelengths (300– 350 nm) for repetition rates ranging from 0.1 kHz to 100 kHz, with higher repetition rates resulting in stronger peaks, particularly around 340 nm. (b) Breakdown of spectral contributions from raw spectra (red), the N₂ positive system (blue), and OH radicals (green). (c) Normalized intensity of these spectra across repetition rates, highlighting differences in spectral profiles. (d) Electron temperature (E-Temp), vibrational temperature (T-Vib), and rotational temperature (T-Rot) as a function of repetition frequency, revealing that E-Temp remains relatively stable while T-Vib and T-Rot decrease with increasing frequency.